So long, farewell little juncos!

It is nearly time to bid farewell to our dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis) friends as they begin their journey back to the breeding grounds in the coniferous woodlands of Canada.
  
Dark-eyed juncos are found across nearly the entire continental U.S. in the winter, a hardy and welcome visitor as most of our summer breeding birds head south for warmer climes. In the mountainous regions in Appalachia and in the west they reside year-round, while in the plains and south they stay only for the winter. Although I can sympathize with their discomfort with summer heat and humidity, I am not sure I am tough enough to consider Iowa a pleasant winter retreat.

These dapper little birds can show quite a bit of color variation in the west, but around here they are mostly distinguished by a formal-looking dark gray hood and cape (which makes for an elegant display against a backdrop of sparkling white snow), with a bright white belly and pale pinkish bill.

Dark-eyed juncos are common winter visitors to birdfeeders, often seen scratching and hopping about on the ground in search of fallen seed. When not enjoying a buffet laid out by humans, they can be found snacking on seeds of grasses and weeds throughout the winter. Fortunately for us, they tend to stay near the ground or on lower branches, easy to observe along with mourning doves, sparrows and other winter feeder hangabouts.

Their song is often described a a "metallic trill"; they also emit buzzy calls and squeaks, and alarm "chips" that sound like exasperated tsks. They are not the most melodious singers (who can compete with cardinals on a clear, cold winter morning?) but their subtle notes round out the symphony of winter.

Bon voyage, little friends. Thank you for brightening our winters with your cheerful antics!

 Further reading:

• All About Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
• Audubon Field Guide